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                                              常用臨床醫學英文術語

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                                              常用臨床醫學英文術語
                                                diseases 疾病
                                                acute diseases 急性病
                                                advanced diseases 病沉重期,晚期疾病
                                                chronic diseases慢性病
                                                communicable diseases 傳染病
                                                complicating diseases 并發病
                                                congenital diseases 先天性疾病
                                                acquired diseases 后天性疾病
                                                contagious diseases接觸性傳染病
                                                endemic diseases 地方病
                                                epidemic diseases 流行病
                                                functional diseases 機能病、官能病
                                                infectious diseases 傳染病
                                                inherited diseases 遺傳病
                                                malignant diseases惡性病
                                                nutritional diseases 營養病
                                                occupation diseases 職業病
                                                organic diseases 器質性病
                                                paroxysmal diseases 陣發性病
                                                periodical diseases 周期病
                                                primary(principal)diseases原發(主導)病
                                                secondary diseases 繼發病
                                                sexual(venereal, social)diseases 性病
                                                terminal diseases 絕癥
                                                wasting diseases 消耗性疾病chief complaint 主訴
                                                clinical manifestation 臨床表現
                                                delivery history 分娩史
                                                etiology病因學
                                                family history 家族史
                                                history, medical history 病史
                                                precipitating(induced)誘因
                                                marital status婚姻狀況
                                                menstrual history 月經史
                                                menarche 初潮
                                                menopause閉經
                                                past history既往史
                                                pathogenesis 發病機制
                                                personal history 個人史symptoms 癥狀
                                                cardinal symptom 主要癥狀
                                                classical symptom 典型癥狀
                                                concomitant symptom 伴發癥狀
                                                constitutional(systemic) symptom 全身癥狀
                                                indirect symptom 間接癥狀
                                                induced symptom 誘發癥狀
                                                local symptom 局部癥狀
                                                mental symptom精神癥狀
                                                 symptom-complex (syndrome)symptom 綜合癥,癥候群
                                                signs體征
                                                antecedent 前驅征
                                                assident (accessory) 副征
                                                commemorative 后遺癥
                                                sign of death 死征
                                                diagnostic診斷征
                                                sign of disease 病征
                                                subjective 自覺征,主觀征
                                                vein sign靜脈征vital sign 生命體征
                                                body length (height of the body) 身高
                                                body weight 體重
                                                barrel chest 桶狀胸
                                                cachexia 惡病質
                                                compulsive position 被動體位
                                                critical facies 病危面容
                                                emaciation 消瘦
                                                enophthalmos 眼球下陷
                                                entropion 瞼內翻
                                                exophthalmos 眼球突出
                                                flushed face 面色潮紅
                                                gain (loss) in weight 增加(減輕)體重
                                                lock-jaw 牙關緊閉
                                                lordosis 脊柱前凸
                                                nasal ala flap 鼻翼扇動
                                                nystagmus 眼震
                                                obesity 肥胖
                                                pallor 蒼白
                                                scolisis 脊柱側凸
                                                agitation 焦急不安
                                                debility, weakness 虛弱
                                                diaphoresis 出汗,大量出汗
                                                dizziness, vertigo 眩暈
                                                lassitude, fatigue 無力,倦怠
                                                malaise 不適
                                                night sweat 盜汗
                                                numbness 麻木
                                                rigor, chill 寒冷,發冷
                                                perspiration, sweating 出汗
                                                pruritus, itching 癢,
                                                somasthenia 軀體無力
                                                tingling 麻刺感abscess 膿腫
                                                acidosis 酸中毒
                                                adhesion 粘連
                                                alkalosis 堿中毒
                                                allergy 過敏
                                                coagulation defect 凝血不良
                                                congestion 充血
                                                dehydration 脫水
                                                distention 膨脹
                                                edema 水腫
                                                embolism 栓塞,栓塞形成
                                                fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水電解質紊亂
                                                gangrene 壞疽
                                                hematoma 血腫
                                                hemorrhage, bleeding 出血
                                                infarction 梗塞,梗死
                                                infection 傳染
                                                inflammation 炎癥
                                                ketoacidosis 酮酸中毒
                                                metastasis 轉移
                                                perforation 穿孔
                                                necrosis 壞死
                                                shock 休克
                                                response 反應,應答
                                                reaction 反應,感應
                                                thrombosis 血栓形成
                                                ulceration 潰瘍fever, pyrexia 發燒,發熱
                                                continuous fever 稽留熱
                                                intermittent fever 間歇熱
                                                low-grade fever 低熱
                                                remittent fever 馳張熱
                                                relapsing fever 回歸熱pain 痛
                                                burning pain 灼痛
                                                chest(flank,…) pain 胸(脅腹…)痛
                                                cramp-like pain 痙攣性痛
                                                dull, diffused pain 彌漫性鈍痛
                                                pleuritic pain 胸膜炎性痛
                                                radiating pain (pain radiating to…) 放射性痛(放射到…疼痛)angina 絞痛
                                                cardiac angina 心絞痛
                                                backache 背痛
                                                colic 絞痛,急腹痛
                                                earache 耳痛
                                                headache 頭痛
                                                neuralgia 神經痛
                                                migraine 偏頭痛
                                                rebound tenderness 反跳痛
                                                somatalgia 軀體痛
                                                sore throat 咽喉痛
                                                stomachache 胃痛
                                                toothache 牙痛
                                                bloody sputum 帶血的痰
                                                cough 咳嗽
                                                dry cough 干咳
                                                expectoration 咳痰
                                                expectoration of blood 咳血
                                                hemoptysis 咳血anoxia 缺氧
                                                apnea 呼吸暫停,窒息
                                                asthma 氣喘,哮喘
                                                cheyne stokes respiration 切-斯氏呼吸,潮式呼吸
                                                dyspnea 呼吸困難
                                                hyperpnea hyperventilation 過度呼吸,換氣過度
                                                hypopnea 呼吸不全, 呼吸淺表
                                                hypoxia 低氧,缺氧
                                                orthopnea 端坐呼吸
                                                respiratory arrest 呼吸停止
                                                suffocation 窒息
                                                tachypnea 呼吸急促
                                                fetid breath 口臭
                                                fruity brea th 呼吸有水果味arrhythmia 心律失常,心律不齊
                                                atelectasis 肺不張,肺膨脹不全
                                                cardiac arrest 心搏驟停
                                                cardiac hypertrophy 心臟肥大
                                                cyanosis 發紺,青紫
                                                distension of jugular vein 頸靜脈怒張
                                                extrasystole 期外收縮
                                                gallop rhythm 奔馬律
                                                hemopleura 血胸
                                                hepatojugular reflux 肝頸靜脈回流
                                                hypovolemia (循環)血容量減少
                                                palpitation 心悸
                                                tachycardia 心動過速
                                                pneumothorax 氣胸
                                                thrill 震顫
                                                absent breath sounds 呼吸音消失
                                                dull sound 濁音
                                                hyperresonant 鼓音
                                                rale 啰音
                                                rhonchus, rhonchi 鼾音,干啰音
                                                wheeze 哮鳴音anorexia, loss of appetite 食欲不振,厭食
                                                dysphagia 吞咽困難
                                                eructation 噯氣
                                                belching 噯氣
                                                flatulence 氣脹
                                                flatus 腸胃氣,屁
                                                gaseous distention 胃脹氣
                                                hematemesis 嘔血
                                                hiccough, hiccup 打呃,呃逆
                                                nausea 惡心
                                                pyrosis 胃灼熱
                                                regurgitation 反胃,回流
                                                thirsty 口渴
                                                vomiting 嘔吐
                                                anal fissure, crack in the anal canal 肛裂
                                                ascites 腹水
                                                board-like rigidity of the abdomen 板狀腹
                                                decreased tactile fremitus 觸覺性震顫減弱
                                                exophageal varices 食管靜脈曲張
                                                fistula 瘺,瘺管
                                                hemorrhoid 痔
                                                hernia 疝
                                                hepatomegaly 肝腫大
                                                intussusception 腸套疊
                                                jaundice 黃疸
                                                muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall 腹壁肌衛
                                                peristalsis 蠕動
                                                loss of peristalsis 蠕動消失
                                                mass peristalsis 總蠕動
                                                retrograde (reversed) peristalsis 逆蠕動
                                                prolapse 脫垂
                                                prolapse of anus 脫肛
                                                rectal prolapse 直腸脫垂,脫肛
                                                volvulus 腸扭轉calculus 結石, 石
                                                biliary calculus 膽結石
                                                vesical calculus 膀胱結石constipation 便秘
                                                defecation 排便
                                                diarrhea 腹瀉
                                                incontinence of feces 大便失禁
                                                hematochezia 便血
                                                fecal impaction 大便嵌塞
                                                occult blood 潛血
                                                painful straining with defecation 排便痛性牽動
                                                clay colored stools 陶土色便
                                                dark, granular/coffee ground emesis 咖啡樣嘔吐物
                                                fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting 嘔糞,吐糞
                                                foul fatty stools, steatorrhea 惡臭脂肪便,脂肪痢
                                                scanty and hard stools 便少而硬
                                                tarry (black) stools 柏油樣便anuria 無尿
                                                burning sensation no urination 排尿時的灼燒感
                                                dysurea 排尿困難,尿痛
                                                enuresis, bed wetting 遺尿
                                                frequency of urination 尿頻
                                                micturation 排尿
                                                uresis, urination, voiding 排尿
                                                nocturia 夜尿
                                                oliguria 少尿
                                                polyuria 多尿
                                                tenesmus 里急后重
                                                vesical tenesmus 排尿時里急后重
                                                uremia coma 尿毒癥昏迷
                                                urgency of urination 尿急
                                                urinary incontinence 尿失禁aciduria 酸尿
                                                chyluria 乳糜尿
                                                cylindruia 管型尿
                                                glycosuria 糖尿
                                                hematuria 血尿
                                                ketonuria 酮尿
                                                pneumatinuria 氣尿
                                                proteinuria 蛋白尿
                                                pyuria 膿尿amenorrhea 經閉,無月經
                                                dysmenorrhea 痛經
                                                menorrhagia 月經過多
                                                lochia 惡露
                                                menorrhea 行經,月經過多
                                                menstruation 月經
                                                uterine contraction 子宮收縮blotch 斑點
                                                bruise 挫傷,青腫
                                                acne 痤瘡,粉刺
                                                desquamation 脫皮,脫屑
                                                ecchymosis 瘀斑
                                                loss of skin turgor 失去皮膚充盈
                                                nevus 痣
                                                papule 丘疹
                                                petechia 瘀點,瘀斑
                                                pigmentation 色素沉著
                                                pustule 膿皰
                                                purpura 紫癲
                                                red nodule 紅結節
                                                roseola 玫瑰疹
                                                scar 傷疤
                                                senile plaque 老人斑
                                                spider anaioma 蛛形痣
                                                subcutaneous nodule 皮下結節
                                                urticaria 蕁麻疹
                                                vesicle 小水皰
                                                vitiligo 白斑blindness 失明
                                                blurred vision, visual disturbance 視力模糊
                                                impaired vision 視力下降
                                                lacrimation 流淚
                                                papilledema 視神經乳頭水腫
                                                photophobia 畏光,羞明
                                                retinal detachment 視網膜脫離deafness 聾
                                                hearing loss 聽力喪失
                                                tinnitus 耳鳴
                                                epistaxis, nasal bleeding 鼻出血
                                                impaired smelling 嗅覺障礙
                                                nasal discharge 鼻涕
                                                nasal obstruction 鼻塞
                                                sneeze 噴嚏
                                                snore 打鼾
                                                aphonia, loss of voice 失音癥
                                                hoarseness 嘶啞
                                                gum bleeding 齒齦出血
                                                herpes labialis 唇皰疹,感冒瘡
                                                koplik's spots 科普利克斑
                                                lead line of the gum 齦鉛線
                                                salivation, drooling 流口水
                                                straw-berry tongue 草莓舌
                                                tremulous tongue 舌震顫atrophy 萎縮
                                                contracture 攣縮
                                                deformity 畸形,變形
                                                dislocation 脫位
                                                fracture 骨折
                                                closed (simple)fracture 無創骨折,單純性骨折
                                                comminuted fracture 粉碎性骨折
                                                compound fracture 哆開(開放性)骨折
                                                knock-knee 膝外翻
                                                opisthotonos 角弓反張
                                                prosthesis 假體
                                                spasm 痙攣
                                                tetany (?。娭?,手足抽搦
                                                wrist drop 腕下垂aphasia 失語
                                                ataxia 共濟失調
                                                coma 昏迷
                                                consciousness 知覺,意識
                                                convulsion 抽搐,驚厥
                                                delirium 譫妄
                                                delusion 妄想
                                                faint 昏厥
                                                hallucination 幻覺
                                                hemiplegia 偏癱
                                                increased intracranial pressure 顱內壓增高
                                                insanity 精神錯亂
                                                loss of orientation 定向喪失
                                                mania 躁狂
                                                memory defects, amnesia 記憶缺損,遺忘癥
                                                paraplegia 截癱,下身麻痹
                                                projectile vomiting 噴射性嘔吐
                                                somnolence, (lethargy) 昏睡,嗜睡
                                                stupor 木僵,昏呆
                                                tetraplegia 四肢癱瘓
                                                unconsciousness 失去知覺
                                                yawning 打哈欠crisis 危象
                                                cerebral (febrile, hematic, hemolytic,hypertensive, thyrotoxic, ……) crisis
                                                腦(熱、血性、溶血、高血壓、甲狀腺中毒…)危象
                                                failure 衰竭,故障
                                                central (circulatory, cardiac, myocardiac, peripheral, congestive, renal, respiratory) failure
                                                中樞(循環、心力、心肌、周圍循環、充血性、腎、呼吸…)衰竭diagnosis診斷
                                                auscultation 聽診
                                                inspection 視診
                                                palpation觸診
                                                percussion 叩診
                                                laboratory examination 實驗室檢查
                                                physical examination 體格檢查
                                                rectal (vaginal) touch 直腸(陰道)指診
                                                impression 印象
                                                tentative diagnosis 暫定診斷
                                                differential diagnosis 鑒別診斷
                                                final diagnosis 最后診斷
                                                prognosis 預后
                                                prescription 處方
                                                incubation (latent) period 潛伏期
                                                prodromal stage 前驅期
                                                incipient stage 初期
                                                quiescent stage 靜止期
                                                alleviation 減輕,緩和
                                                remission 緩解
                                                attack 發作
                                                convalescence (recovery) stage 恢復期
                                                rehabilitation 康復
                                                relapse 復發
                                                sudden death 猝死
                                                moribund 瀕死的
                                                course of the disease 病程
                                                course of the treatment 療程
                                                indication 適應癥,指征
                                                complication 并發癥
                                                contraindication 禁忌癥
                                                side-effect 副作用
                                                sequel (sequela), after effect 后遺癥
                                                therapies 治療方法
                                                acupuncture therapy 針刺療法
                                                block therapy 封閉療法
                                                chemical therpy (chemo-therapy) 化學療法
                                                combined therapy 綜合療法
                                                conservative therapy 保守療法
                                                constitutional therapy 全身療法
                                                dietetic therapy 飲食療法
                                                operative treatment 手術療法
                                                palliative treatment, alleviative treatment 姑息療法
                                                physical therapy 物理療法
                                                psychotherapy 精神療法
                                                radical treatment 根治
                                                radio-therapy 放射性療法
                                                supporting treatment 支持療法
                                                symptomatic treatment對癥療法
                                                cardiac massage 心臟按摩
                                                cardiac pacing 心臟起博
                                                electrotherapy 電療法
                                                electroshock treatment 電休克療法
                                                hemodialysis 血液透析
                                                hyperbaric therapy 高壓氧療法
                                                insulin-shock treatment 胰島素休克療法
                                                light therapy 光療法
                                                therapeutic gymnastics 醫療體育


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